Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(2):70-75 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.593
The article discusses the redefinition of the insurance category from the point of view of the contribution of behavioralists, empirical economist and cognitive psychologist N.N. Taleb and D. Kahneman, motives for insurance, influence on the economy of the insurance industry.
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(2):51-69 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.592
This article with a topic “Accounting and taxation of mergers in Slovakia” is devoted to the topics that focus on mergers realised in Slovakia, but also on cross border mergers where at least one Slovakian company participates in. The article is focused mainly on tax and accounting aspects with emphasis on legislative changes connected to mergers, mainly in case of amendments of tax law and the Commercial code of Slovak Republic. Part of the article is an analysis of domestic and cross border mergers in Slovakia in period of ten years, since 2012 to 2022.
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(2):43-50 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.594
In this paper, we deal with the derivation of the mathematical equation for the Macaulay duration of a perpetuity (hereinafter referred to as "Mac. duration") bond in the period between coupon payments. According to our findings, this equation is not included in the commonly available literature and is limited only to the equation for calculating Mac. duration at the moment when exactly one full coupon period remains before the payment of the nearest coupon. In a mathematical derivation, we come to a conclusion, which is consistent with financial intuition, that the Mac. duration of the perpetuity does not depend on the size of the coupon, but is dependent...
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(2):23-42 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.591
The paper deals with Czech and Slovak budget policy during the covid-19 pandemic. Due to extensive expansionary measures implemented as part of the budget policy, the Czech and Slovak public finances were disrupted. Deviations in the implementation of the Czech and Slovak state budgets are assessed using a combination of actual values and own forecasts based on SARIMA-based econometric models applied to the 2010–2020 time series. The main goal of the text is to determine the overall impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the management of the Czech and Slovak state budgets caused by increasing public expenditures and a decrease in public revenues....
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(2):4-22 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.590
The article deals with the issue of reporting information on corporate social responsibility in the annual reports of Czech and Slovak companies. The analysis is based on selected aspects of corporate social responsibility as defined by GRI standards and evaluates their presentation in the annual reports of 25 Czech and 25 Slovak companies in 2015 and 2020. A two-sample t-test was used to evaluate the significance of the change in the reported information. The most frequently reported aspects include information related to risks and opportunities impacting the company's revenues and expenses. Conversely, among the least frequently reported information...
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(1):91-97 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.589
The article evaluates the necessary economic changes that took place during the nineties with their positive aspects and shortcomings. He is critical of individual approaches to the privatization process. It defines the effect of the transformational changes that have taken place on the current structure in the banking and insurance industry.
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(1):77-89 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.587
This paper presents a large-scale study that deals with tax literacy and represents the largest research contribution published to date in this area. The study results indicate that approximately one-third of secondary school pupils do not know the basic VAT rate or how important this tax is for the state budget. Only one in ten pupils noted that personal income tax includes two bands of the rate. The results come from questionnaire surveys at domestic secondary schools with the participation of almost 500 pupils from five types of secondary schools analyzed using the chi-square test of independence method. The gender factor does not affect the tax...
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(1):47-76 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.588
Climate change and climate neutrality targets for 2050 in the case of the EU bring the need for effective environmental policy instruments. Environmental taxes, green innovations, carbon pricing, emission allowances and other instruments are attracting increasing attention in academic as well as economic and environmental policy debates. This paper provides a detailed review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of policy instruments in the path towards climate neutrality, in particular on the effectiveness of environmental taxes, innovations, and established policies across the globe. A separate section also examines the two most...
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(1):35-46 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.586
The article focuses on the reasons for the adoption and implementation of the ATAD. The main objective of the article is then to analyse the impact of this directive on corporate tax revenues in the European Union. The analysis was conducted using the statistical method of the test of the consistency of means, which is a method that allows two samples to be compared with each other, and the years examined were 2018 and 2021. For the international comparison of corporate tax revenues, two indicators are used, namely the corporate tax quota and the share of corporate tax on total tax revenues, and both of these indicators were used for the analysis....
Český finanční a účetní časopis 2024(1):5-34 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.584
This discussion paper proposes significant changes in the taxation of personal incomes and property based on systemic approach to Czech tax system, which aim to make the tax system simpler and more efficient in a socially sensitive way and to contribute to the resolution of long-term unsustainability of Czech public finances.The paper introduces the issue to the reader firstly by overall look at Czech tax system, mainly at size and structure of collected taxes. Subsequently it familiarizes the reader with opinions of experts on how a good tax system should look like, what are the main problems of Czech tax system and summarizes recent proposals...
