M49 - Accounting: OtherReturn

This paper deals with the external cases of fraud from the perspective of criminal legislation in the Czech Republic. In the first part we define the term fraud and fraudulent behavior is briefly described and the possibility of breakdown of fraudulent conduct on the internal fraud and external fraud and then to the unauthorized disposal of assets, fraudulent financial statements and corruption. In the main part of the paper (Chap. 3) are described the most common types of fraudulent activities, which are in terms of its content and the hazards considered as crimes.

Provisions are accounting items which depends on the estimations. Due to the estimations, the amount of provisions depends on the framework of estimations. The article presents methods of estimations and disclosures rules of both ČÚS and IAS/IFRS. The second part of the article is an empirical study which presents results of disclosure of provisions in Czech Republic according to the IAS/IFRS. The article presents the results of research of disclosure and mistakes in disclosure and meditates on possible inspiration of disclosure by Czech accounting standards. The disclosure and inspiration by ČÚS is measured by assessment of partial areas of disclosure.

Accounting is a communication tool, a common "financial language". Separation of management accounting and management itself is a key assumption for complete and reliable information. Role of controller is to define the content and the conception of basic accounting categories (costs, revenues, profits, inflows, outflows, assets and liabilities), to choose criteria of detailed split, to ensure logical link and coordination of this split in particular units and throughout the whole company. Based on product costing management decides about volume and structure of the output, product portfolio enlargement or cut, introduction of a new product. Method ABC is understood as a significant leap in cost recognition and costing pertinence.

This article summarizes the citations and the comments of contents of the entire year 1931 in periodical Účetní listy (The bookkeeping letters), which was based in pre-war Czechoslovakia as an important professional monthly magazine and was widely respected and accepted by experts.

This article treats the possibilities of including of risk into appraisal of complex gain of customers and the way which the banks use. It shows the calculation of expected loss and economic capital. It points out their usage in the financial management of the bank and the ways of preliminary and quasi-final profitability measurement using RAROC ratio. In the last section there is the case-study that shows its calculation and the impact of real changes of important parameters as rating or utilization of the facility.

From the 16th through 18th September 2009, the Department of Management Accounting held an international conference. Topics discussed were aimed on performance management, conceptual questions and practical experience. These topics are very frequent subject of interest of the researchers through the world as well as of the practically oriented professionals. Through the conference there have been two groups of papers. First group presented more broadly oriented papers, focused on designing basic principles and linking present level of knowledge. Second group offered space for the practical experience of the professionals from practical viewpoint and sharing the experience.

ABC and BSC methods enable to better manage the company set the strategy and use effective motivational instruments for its implementation. ABC method represents significant development in recognition of causality of cost origin. However, it doesn't change basic theoretical findings in behaviour of supply (costs) and demand curve. The simplified cost distinguishing between variable and fixed suggested by economic theory has become a thing of the past in the managerial accounting since late 60ties, i.e. much sooner before ABC method has been developed. Divergence of content focus of economic theory and applied disciplines shouldn't be used for comparison of their importance but on the contrary for searching for common points. Their relationship shouldn't be competitive but complementary.

This article proposes a way of historical progress of accounting records. Infancy dates back to the earliest days of human agriculture and civilization, the Sumerians in Mesopotamia an another civilization, when the need to maintain accurate records of the quantities and relative values of agricultural products first arose. Accounting records developed purely in response to the needs of the time brought about by changes in the environment and societal demands. The view to the history helps explain the phenomenal growth that the profession of accounting records has enjoyed worldwide since the first form of record was born. How and why did this relatively new profession develop? Its history is that of human commerce, and even more fundamentally, of writing and the use of numbers and counting.

On the 20th and 21st of September 2007 department of management accounting has held a science conference. Topics which have been discussed were aimed on to the performance management, conceptual questions and practical experience. These topics are very frequent subject of interest of the researchers through the world as well as of the practically oriented professionals. Through the conference there have been two groups of papers. First group presented more broadly oriented papers, focused on designing basic principles and linking present level of knowledge. Second group offered space for the practical experience of the professionals from practical viewpoint and sharing the experience.

As regards increasing awareness of business process and its results, innovative approaches to performance measurement were developed during last decades. This paper deals with comparison of requirements for efficient performance measurement information system and characteristics of accounting information. Based on these issues, future challenges for financial and managerial accounting are analyzed.

The aim of the paper is to discuss the selection of accounting software for SMEs from the point of view of an end user. The measures are split into three categories: performance features, technical criteria and business requirements. The three groups are then analyzed more precisely within narrower subgroups. As a part of conclusion a multi-criteria research is deployed to facilitate the process of choosing appropriate software.