D21 - Firm Behavior: TheoryReturn

The willingness of companies to donate is influenced by a number of factors. This paper intended to determine to what extent the tax legislation, financial results and macroeconomic factors affect corporate donation. Correlation analyses were used to determine the strength and significance of the relationships between variables. Model was based on data from the Ministry of Finance Czech Republic for the period 2002–2019. I have found that changes in tax regulation does not have a significant impact on donations, because companies manage donor policy primarily on the basis of the result achieved. Although the relationship of donation with costs has not proven to be significant, it cannot be excluded that companies view donation primarily as a cost item similar to advertising or PR.

All transactions in multinational enterprises which are realized among group members are very sensitive to tax risks. The more often the transactions are connected to intangible assets or R&D services the more tax risks they generate. This article identifies theoretical and practical problems of services level agreements (SLA) in financial management. The author offers step-solutions for utility measurement by service provider and service receiver, cost allocations and deals with suitable profit level indicators. The goal of this article is to provide sufficient analysis of arm's length principle in SLAs with respect to the OECD Transfer pricing for MNEs Guidelines and with respect to other significant regulations.

Cost contribution arrangements (CCAs) and Cost sharing agreements (CCAs) belong to the tools of modern finance management. Costs spent by associated enterprises on developing, producing or obtaining assets, services or rights (in general - benefits) are used for tax optimizing too. The main purpose of joint research and development, producing or obtaining benefits is to lower these costs as much as possible or to maximize the benefits. The problematic of transfer pricing and arm´s length principle in connection to CCAs, CSAs is mentioned in this article, too. Next, there is mentioned how to settle participation shares of the total cost and benefits contributions with respect to the OECD Transfer pricing for MNEs Guidelines and with respect to other significant regulations.